Policies and Procedures

Grades are awarded on a quarterly basis, earning .25 credits toward graduation. Although grades are issued on a quarterly basis, course curriculum should be planned on a semester basis. Students will not be allowed to transfer classes at the quarter without consultation with the teacher, counselor and/or administration. Students are allowed to change their schedules at the beginning of the school year during registration and at the end of the first semester. A $10 charge will be made for changes after the first day of classes.  

Standards for academic grades should be high yet attainable. High academic success requires regular attendance. Teachers do not have to allow a student to make up work missed due to an unexcused absence. Illness, family emergencies, and extenuating circumstances are considered acceptable reasons for missing school and teachers should allow a student to make-up worked missed due to these reasons. (See Attendance in this policy section for how to excuse an absence.) All schoolwork will also be allowed to be made up due to school excused absences.  The teacher will notify a parent/legal guardian by phone call, in person, by mail, by email or by midterm notification before giving an F Grade. Students may not be allowed to make up work due to truancy.  

Accidents and illnesses are to be reported to the office where immediate care can be arranged. Parents should be contacted before students will be allowed to check out of school with an injury. 

In compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (504) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Davis School District and Layton High School will provide reasonable accommodations to qualified individuals with disabilities. Students, parents, or employees needing accommodations should contact their school ADA Coordinator Jeff Wyant (801.402.4800) or 504 Coordinator Corby Eason (801.402.4800), their principal or supervisor or you may contact the District ADA Coordinator, Steve Baker (801.402.5315), for parent or employee accommodations; or 504 Coordinator, Midori Clough (801.402.5180) for student accommodations.  

(TDD hearing impaired) (801.402.5358) 

Elevator Use 

For any student or guest requiring mobility accommodations, elevator keys may be checked out in the Main Office. 

All students are expected to attend the assemblies at Layton High School. Students who attempt to leave campus without properly checking out through the Attendance Office will be considered truant. Students are expected to go directly to the assembly and to return to class immediately at the conclusion of the assembly.  

Layton High School, Davis School District and Utah State Law requires that students attend regularly and that parents bear considerable responsibility in helping to ensure that students are in school when they are required to be there. The guidelines for student attendance at Layton High are as follows:     

1.       Students must have their badges (Layton High School Identification on a lanyard, around their neck, and visibly displayed during the entire school day).  

2.       All absences must be parent excused within two days upon the student’s return to school. For example, a student who is absent all or part of an “A” day must have a parent/guardian verify the absence before the end of business hours the following “A” day.  

3.       Students/parents are responsible for ensuring that all absences are verified through the Attendance Office. This may be accomplished in one of four ways: (1) by bringing a note from home signed by a parent or guardian; (2) by having a parent or guardian call the Attendance Secretary (801.402.4806) from 7:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M. Monday through Friday; (3) by having a parent or guardian come to the Attendance Office in person; or (4) by emailing the Attendance Secretary at (lhsattendance@dsdmail.net).  

4.       Absences that may be excused by a parent include: family emergency, illness, medical appointment or a funeral. In all four cases, the following information must be provided to the attendance secretary: the exact dates and periods the student was absent, the reason for the absence, and a phone number where the parent or guardian can be reached should a question arise or further verification be needed.    

5.       School-excused absences are considered part of the educational process. All school-excused absences must be authorized in advance.  

6.       Students are considered absent if they are late to class by more than thirty minutes or are not making an honest effort to get to class on time.  

7.       Students who are late for any class need to report to the attendance office to get an admit to class. The attendance secretary will indicate on the teacher’s rolls in the computer whether the late was an excused late/absence or if it was not excused. Teachers will mark students late unless students have a “Do Not Mark Tardy” slip from the office.  

8.       Students who leave school any time during the school day are required to check out through the Attendance Office. This may be done with parent or guardian permission only. Students who leave school or class without permission may be considered truant.  

Students do not need to check out for: off-campus lunch, home release, magnet classes, released time, or internships.   

9.       If a student has been marked absent incorrectly, they need to check with the attendance office to determine the class period it was in, and then talk to the teacher who marked them absent to correct the absence.  

10.   A student with excessive absences in a class during a term may be given a “U” for a citizenship grade. The definition of excessive absences at Layton High is three or more unexcused absences and/or six or more excused absences. School excused absences will not count towards a “U”. A doctor’s note may be required for every excused absence after six.  If there are extenuating circumstances that cause a student to be absent more than six times during a term, then those will be handled on an individual basis between the teacher, student and an administrator if necessary. Absences due to Covid-19, including mandated quarantine, will not affect a student's citizenship grade as long as the school has received notification. 

11.   A student with four or more tardies in a class in any term may result in the student receiving a “U”.    

12.     Parents may not excuse tardies. 

The school administrator has the authority to suspend a student for up to ten school days per incident.  If the school administrator desires or contemplates suspending for longer than ten school days or expelling a student, the school administrator shall make a referral to the District’s Case Management Team. 

Schools are required by law to conduct regular fire drills and other drills such as a lockdown, lockout or earthquake drill. An exit procedure for such drills exists and instructions are posted in each classroom regarding the route and procedure to safely exit the building. Evacuation must take place quickly and as orderly as possible. Students are to remain at least 100 feet outside all buildings until instructed by a school authority to return to class. 

False alarms have serious legal consequences which may include suspension, expulsion, fines, legal prosecution, and payment for the cost of fire equipment sent to the school, and/or any damages that are incurred. 

Students may be suspended, transferred to an alternative placement, expelled, referred for police investigation, and/or prosecuted for engaging in any written, physical, or verbal aggression, intimidation, discrimination, or abusive conduct of any school employee or student at school or a school-related activity regardless of location or circumstance, including but not limited to bullying, cyber-bullying, hazing, or retaliation.  
 
District policy may be found at 5S-100 Conduct and Discipline. Layton High School policy may be found HERE or a copy may be obtained in the school office. 

To ensure safety, students must demonstrate responsible behavior while riding the school bus. All students being transported are under the authority of the bus driver and must obey driver requests. Students should follow these rules: 

• Stay off the pavement as the bus approaches; 

• Enter the bus in an orderly manner; 

• Be seated and remain seated while the bus is in motion; 

• Obey bus driver’s directions immediately; 

• Do not place objects or arms, legs, or heads out the windows of the bus; 

• Do not eat or drink on the bus; 

• Do not litter or vandalize; 

• Do not open the emergency door or window except in case of emergency; 

• Do not carry any item that could cause a hazard to passengers. 

A school administrator will contact parents and/or the police in cases where students have engaged in disorderly conduct or behaviors that endanger passengers. 

Eligibility - To find out if a student is eligible for busing, please log on to the My.DSD link at the following internet address: http://www.davis.k12.ut.us and select the Reports/Transportation Information tabs. Bussing information should be available within a week prior to the beginning of school each year. 

Provided students maintain appropriate behavior and respect of the school building and common areas, students will not be restricted to eat in certain areas, with the exception of those areas closed because classes are in session.  Misbehavior such as throwing food, crowding in lines, leaving trays, not picking up their trash, or other inappropriate behavior will result in disciplinary action. 

Parents and students should notify the office when their address or phone number changes or when there is a change in the legal guardian. Such notification allows the office to be able to contact parents and send information to the accurate address. 

Appropriate use of cell phones and other electronic devices is expected at all times.  Use of these devices will be based on individual teacher discretion.  Students not following cell phone/ electronic device policies, may be referred to the administration. Faculty, staff, and administration have the right under law to confiscate any electronic device from students who violate this policy. When any electronic device is confiscated, staff shall take reasonable measures to label and secure the device and bring it to the office as soon as the employee’s duties permit. The item may be picked up at the office at the end of the school day. Parents will be notified. School employees will work with students and parents regarding violations of the cell phone policy. 

Cell phones and other electronic devices are strictly prohibited during standardized assessments unless specifically allowed by statute, regulations, student IEP, or assessment directions.  

The use of cell phones or other electronic devices are strictly prohibited in sensitive areas.  Sensitive areas include, but are not limited to: locker rooms, restrooms, training rooms, or other areas where there is an expectation of privacy.  Individuals who use electronic devices for the purpose or recording or filming in these areas will be subject to disciplinary action and referral to law enforcement. 

Students may not use electronic devices in any way that threatens, intimidates, humiliates, or harasses students, employees, and visitors, or violates local, state, or federal laws.  

All students and employees must comply with the Davis School District Acceptable Use Agreement.  Violation or misuse of electronic devices may be reported at any time to the Layton High School administration. 

Students shall be personally and solely responsible for the security of personally owned and school issued electronic devices while at school. The school shall not assume responsibility for theft, loss, damage, or unauthorized calls made with an electronic device. If devices are loaned out or borrowed and misused by non-owners, device owners are jointly responsible for the misuse or potential policy violation(s). 

Exceptions to this policy will only be granted in special circumstances after meeting with an administrator. 

All students at Layton High will perform in a highly ethical and honest manner in all areas of their involvement at school. Students are expected to do their own work to the best of their ability. Some examples of unethical or dishonest behavior would include, but are not limited to, plagiarism, copying other students’ assignments, allowing others to copy their assignments, copying and pasting items into an assignment, using any electronic device to get unauthorized answers, or doing anything that would be considered dishonest in their work and dealings with teachers and classmates. Teachers and administrators will deal with students who violate this standard in a fair and appropriate manner. Consequences may include, but are not limited to, calling home to inform parents, getting a zero on the assignment or assessment, receiving a U for the term from the teacher, receiving an administrative U, and/or getting suspended. The faculty and staff of Layton High are united in the belief that all students should practice ethical and honest behavior.      

PLAGIARISM - occurs when a writer deliberately uses someone else’s language, ideas, or other (not common knowledge*) material without acknowledging its source. Plagiarism may also include unintentional or close paraphrase. Plagiarism may take many forms including the following: 

• Copying word for word from any outside source (print, video, online) without proper acknowledgement. This applies to the use of an entire paper, to use of entire sections and paragraphs, and to the use of a few distinct words and phrases. 

• Paraphrasing ideas from an outside source without proper acknowledgement. 

• Using any other organization or person to prepare work which one then submits as his/her own, including submitting in whole or in part a paper written by another student. 

• Citing a source that does not exist. 

• Attributing to a source ideas and information that are not included in the source. 

• Citing a source in a bibliography when the source was neither consulted nor cited in the body of the paper. 

• Intentionally distorting the meaning or applicability of data. 

• Inventing data or statistical results to support conclusions. 

*Common-knowledge: A piece of information may be regarded as common-knowledge if the information is found undocumented in at least 5 credible sources. 

CHEATING - is any deceitful and dishonest act associated with academic performance. Examples include but are not limited to: 

• Copying from another’s test or assignment. 

• Allowing someone to copy from your test or assignment. 

• Using materials during a test or on an assignment not authorized by the instructor. 

• Collaborating with a group or an individual during a test or on an assignment without the instructor’s permission. 

• Continuing to work on a test after the allocated time has ended. 

• Altering a graded assignment or test after it has been returned and then submitting for re-grading. 

• Submitting identical or similar papers for credit in more than one course without prior permission from the course instructors. 

• Knowingly obtaining, using, buying, selling, reproducing, circulating or soliciting in whole or part the contents of any test without prior authorization of the instructor. 

• Bribing another student to obtain a test. Soliciting or receiving unauthorized information about a test. 

• Retaining, possessing, using or circulating previously given test materials where those materials clearly indicate they are to be returned to the instructor at the conclusion of the examination. 

• Providing false information in connection with any inquiry regarding academic honesty and integrity. 

• Falsifying records or official documents such as: academic records, report cards, letters of permission, ID cards, absence excuses, parent notes, etc. 

Citizenship grades will be determined each term by the teacher. Such factors as school and class behavior, attendance, and punctuality are used to determine a student’s citizenship grade. Expectations set forth in a teacher’s course disclosure will be used to determine grades and credit. It is the responsibility of the student to adhere to the citizenship policy and to teacher expectations. A “U” grade remains on the permanent record, but credit can be restored through proper citizenship make-up. A student who continually submits late work without making previous arrangements with the teacher may receive a reduction in their citizenship grade.  

Citizenship make-up credit is available by doing one of the following for each U: 

1.       Contacting the teacher giving the U prior to the end of the term. 

2.       Contacting the Citizenship secretary to make arrangements for completing 2 hours of approved service along with paying $5 once the 2 hours of service has been completed. 

Graduation requirements in the Davis School District include satisfactory citizenship and adherence to the rules and policies of Layton High School. Failure to earn the required 35 citizenship credits will result in withholding the graduation diploma and participation in the commencement exercise. For graduation, a student is required to earn citizenship credit in grades 9 through 12; .25 units of citizenship credit in each class for each term can be earned, for a total of 35 Citizenship Credits. 

Administrative U

One citizenship credit is given per year (.25 per term) to cover the school period before, during, and after school, and at all school sponsored activities. This credit may be withheld by the administration for unsatisfactory citizenship behavior; some examples of this behavior are as follows: fighting, hazing, theft, possession of controlled substances, truancy, excessive tardies, and failure to meet release time and other off campus commitments, etc. 

Davis School District requires each student to have 35 credits in Citizenship. All unsatisfactory grades in citizenship must be made up in order to graduate as well as participate in extra-curricular activities. 

Layton High School has high expectations in the classroom and your attitude and behavior should contribute to an environment of learning.  Specifically, we expect that you will: 

1.       Arrive to class on time. 

2.       Be prepared for class, with all materials necessary, each day. 

3.       Show respect and consideration for others in the learning environment. 

4.       Demonstrate care and consideration for school property and the property of others. 

You are expected to observe the rules and procedures that have been established by each teacher for their classroom and respond promptly to the direction of your teacher or be subject to due process. 

Students have been assigned to classes based on their requests and where space is available. Changes will be limited to the following:  

1.       Classes will be added when the student does not have a full schedule or when the school has made an error for no charge.  

2.       Changes will be based upon the PCCR (Plan for College and Career Readiness) and will require approval and review of the counselor and a parent.  

3.     Voluntary class change requests must be completed within the first week of the semester. There will be a $10.00 fee for voluntary/requested changes. 

4.       There will be no class changes after the third week of a new semester. Students needing a schedule change or needing to drop a class after this time will need to schedule a no credit class or a Home Release time or go through our LCM (Local Case Management) process.  

5.       Changes to 2nd Semester schedules before the Winter Recess will be done for no charge. After Winter Recess there will be a $10.00 fee.  

A parent or legal guardian having custody over a school-age minor is required under State law to enroll and send a school-age minor to a public or established private school during the school year in the district in which the minor resides.  The process of education requires continuity of instruction, class participation and study.  Frequent absences from classes disrupt the instructional process.  Parents/guardians are encouraged to work with the school in promoting regular attendance of all students. 

Computer Information Access 

Layton High parents are able to make additional contact with the school through any carrier’s computer networking service. You may find access through the Davis School District Home Page at www.davis.k12.ut.us  Click on the Student Information System, give the student number, get a pin number and follow the steps outlined. 

School dress and behavior codes apply to all dances. Anyone who violates the following outlined regulations will not be allowed into the dance and/or will be removed from the dance. Once inside the dance, if students alter their attire and/or behavior so as to violate the regulations, they will be escorted out of the dance and not be allowed to return. Students in violation of these regulations may not be allowed to attend any other dances at Layton High School, and further disciplinary measures may apply. Students coming from other schools must comply with these regulations. No person 9th grade or younger, and no person older than 19 years old (must currently be a high school student: 10th, 11th, or 12th grader) will be admitted into any school dance. Ticket purchases will not be refunded.  Some dances may require additional dress standards and must be complied with in order to attend. “Slam-dancing”, “Moshing”, suggestive dancing, or any other unacceptable student behavior will not be tolerated, and the student may be asked to leave without refund; this will be determined by the administration. 

Students may be suspended, transferred to an alternative placement, expelled, referred for police investigation, and/or prosecuted for any conduct that creates an unreasonable and substantial disruption or risk of disruption of a class, activity, program, or other function of the school, including but not limited to: frequent, flagrant, or willful disobedience; defiance of school authority; criminal activity; fighting; noncompliance with school dress code; possession of contraband (i.e., drug paraphernalia, pornography, mace, pepper spray, laser pen, chains, needles, razor blades, bats and clubs); or the use of foul, profane, vulgar, harassing or abusive language.

School dress code standards should be followed whenever attending any school activity.  Anything that is disruptive to the normal operation of school or any dress or grooming that may be considered extreme and is not permitted.  Any student violating the dress code will be asked to change into clothing that meets Layton High requirements.  If a student does not have appropriate clothing with them at school, the student may be sent home.   Students who repeatedly violate dress code may be suspended and/or given an administrative U.  

DRESS CODE STANDARDS  

1. Students must be fully clothed.   Clothing that exposes bare midriffs, buttocks, or undergarments are not allowed, this includes spaghetti straps, muscle shirts, halter tops, and tube tops.  Additionally, the bottom of the shirt should contact the top of the pants when standing in a normal stance. Clothing that is low cut and overly revealing is not allowed.
2. Extreme dress or style which causes a distraction to the learning environment are not allowed.      
3. Students must wear shoes.  
4. Pants, shorts and skirts must be worn at the waist and must be a modest length have a minimum 5" inseam. 
5. No articles of clothing that advertise obscene, suggestive,  illegal, discriminatory or perceived as offensive to the general school population, as determined by administration, are allowed. 
6. No gang apparel is acceptable. Anything that labels you with a gang or encourages such behavior is not allowed.  
7. Any attire, hairstyle, hair color, piercing or makeup which can be considered extreme and which brings undue attention to the student, or disrupting the educational process, is not permitted. 
8. No costumes or non apparel items (capes or item worn as a cape, etc.) are allowed, unless specifically authorized.
9. ID badges must be worn on a lanyard around the neck or pinned to the upper chest area at all times during the school day unless otherwise directed by their teacher(s).
10. School-appropriate dress code for dances, including all formal dances, is required. We recommend avoiding dresses which are low cut, extremely short or too revealing. Shirts must be worn. (Vests without a shirt are not permitted.)
11. The administration reserves the right to send a student home to change, or to confiscate the item, if they deem that the student’s attire is inappropriate or repeatedly non-compliant.

Any student, who possesses, controls, uses, distributes, sells, or arranges the sale of an illegal drug or controlled substance (which includes alcohol, tobacco in any form, and electronic cigarettes), an imitation controlled substance, or drug paraphernalia in a school building, in a school vehicle, on District property, or in conjunction with any school activity, may be suspended, transferred to an alternative placement, tested for drugs, expelled, referred for police investigation, and/or prosecuted. 

When a student is suspected of violating Layton High or District policy, the school administrator must meet with and inform him/her of the allegations and provide the student the opportunity to give his/her version of the incident.  If the school administrator determines sufficient evidence exists to impose discipline, the school administrator shall notify the parent or guardian that: 1) the student has been suspended; 2) the grounds for the suspension; 3) the period of time for which the student is suspended; and 4) the time and place for the parent or guardian to meet a designated school official to review the suspension.

Participation in UHSAA sanctioned events, student government, student clubs, graduation ceremonies, and other extracurricular activities is not a constitutionally protected civil right.  Therefore, students who are suspended, transferred to an alternative placement, or expelled, may lose the privilege of participation in all extracurricular activities during the period of discipline and will not be afforded due process procedures to challenge the denial of participation. 

Eligibility for UHSAA Sanctioned Events 

Students participating in UHSAA sanctioned activities must meet the minimum guidelines established in the UHSAA policy handbook .

Students must be a full-time student in the school he or she intends to represent, or otherwise comply with all Utah State Board of Education dual enrollment requirements. (DSD policy identifies full-time student status as 3/4 enrollment - which at LHS is 5 out of 8 classes.) 

Academic Requirements - Participating students must have a minimum 2.0 GPA, no more than one F, and no U citizenship from the previous term. This standard must be maintained throughout the playing season in order to participate. Coaches may increase requirements for individual teams/organizations as long as it is disclosed during or before try-outs. 

Determination of academic eligibility shall be made no later than the seventh calendar day following the last day of the grading period. Grade changes after that time cannot restore lost eligibility. 

Citizenship Standards – All unsatisfactory citizenship must be cleared prior to the first scheduled contest/event. 

Eligibility for student officers are set in the by-laws and try-out disclosures. In most cases they exceed the requirements above. 

Student Education Records
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is a Federal law designed to protect the privacy of a student’s education records.  FERPA gives parents certain rights with respect to their student’s education records.  These rights are:

1.       Inspect and review all their student’s education records maintained by the school within 45 days of a request for access.

2.       Request that a school correct education records believed to be inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise in violation of the student’s privacy rights under FERPA.
     Parents who wish to ask the school to amend a record should write the principal or appropriate school official, clearly identify the part of the record they want changed and specify why it should be changes.  If the school decides not to amend the record as requested by the parent, the school will notify the parent or eligible student of the decision and advise them of their right to a hearing regarding the request for amendment.

3.       Provide consent before the school discloses personally identifiable information (PPI) from a student’s record, except to the extent that FERPA authorizes disclosure without consent.  Such exceptions include, but are not limited to:
[a]  school officials with legitimate educational interests;
[b]  other schools to which a student is transferring;
[c]   individuals who have obtained court orders or subpoenas;
[d]  individuals who need to know in cases of health and safety emergencies;
[e]  official in the juvenile justice system to improve education outcomes;
[f]   a State agency or organization that is legally responsible for the care and protection of the student, including the responsibility to investigate a report of educational neglect;
[g]  specified officials for audit or evaluation purposes; or
[h]  organizations conducting studies for or on behalf of the District.

A school official is a person employed by the District as an administrator, supervisor, instructor, or support staff member (including health or medical staff and law enforcement unit personnel); a person serving as a volunteer; a person serving on the District School Board; a person or company with whom the District has contracted to perform a special task (such as an attorney, auditor, medical consultant, or therapist), or to whom the District has outsourced institutional services or functions. 
A school official has a legitimate educational interest if the official needs to review an education record in order to fulfill his or her professional responsibility.

Student Directory Information
Directory Information, which is information that is generally not considered harmful or an invasion of privacy if released, may be released at the discretion of school officials, without consent, for appropriate reasons such as, school publications, newspaper articles, and to outside education related organizations.  In addition, two federal laws require secondary schools to provide military recruiters, upon request, the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of their students.
The Davis School District has designated the following information as directory information:
1) student’s name, address, and telephone number; 2) student’s date and place of birth; 3)  grade level and enrollment status; 4) student’s District email address; 5) student’s ID number that is displayed on a student ID badge; 6) parent email address; 7) participation in officially recognized activities and sports; 8) weight and height of members of athletic teams; 9) dates of attendance; 10) degrees, honors, and awards received; 11) most recent educational institution attended by the student; 12) student’s digital image.

The following shall be considered limited use directory information that may be disclosed only to other students enrolled in the same course (regardless of whether such students are enrolled in the same class section) that has been audio or video recorded by the District, for instructional and educational purposes only: 1) name to the extent it is referenced or captured during the audio or video recordings; 2) any photograph or image of the student captured during the audio or video recording; 3) any audio or video recording of the student participating in the course; and 4) any online chats or other recorded communications among participants in the course captured during the audio or video recording.

To protect the privacy of other students, parents/students are not permitted to make their own recordings of class sessions or to share or distribute District recordings of class sessions.

If you, as a parent do not want Layton High School to disclose limited directory information of your child without your prior written consent, you must notify the school in writing annually.

Parents who believe their rights have been violated may contact the school’s administration or file a complaint with:

Student Privacy Policy Office (SPPO)
U.S. Department of Education
400 Maryland Avenue, SW
Washington, D.C.  20202-5920
 (202) 260-3887

Informal inquiries may be sent to FPCO via the following email address: FERPA@ED.Gov

For additional information please visit the SPPO website at the following address: https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/

Complaints should be reported as soon as possible, but not later than 180 days from the date you learned of the circumstances of the alleged violation.

Students fighting or threatening to fight, on school grounds, traveling to and from school, or at any school sponsored activity may be suspended for two to ten school days. In order to be reinstated in school, a parent conference is required. Repeat offenders may be expelled or excluded from school. 

Students and parents are responsible to pay all applicable school fees and fines. Persons interested in applying for a fee waiver should contact the main office. 

Fines and fees must be paid in order for a student to pick up his/her yearbook on the designated yearbook day.  

Senior students with outstanding fees and fines may not be permitted to participate in commencement activities.  Any unpaid fees or fines may be sent to collections.

The Davis School Board of Education has set this requirement for the four-period rotating block to 27 units of credit. These requirements are as follows:  

• English - 4 credits  
• Math   (recommended each year) - 3 credits  
• Science - 3 credits  
• Social Studies - 2.5 credits  
• U.S. Government and Citizenship (Civics) - .5 credits  
• CTE - 1 credit  
• Fine Arts - 1.5 credits  
• Health - .5 credit  
• Fit for Life - .5 credit  
• Physical Education - 1 credit  
• Digital Studies - .5 credit  
• Financial Literacy - .5 credit  
• Electives - 8.5 credits  

Total Credits Required: 27 credits  

Participating in commencement exercises is a privilege not a right. If a student does not have 35 citizenship credits, they will not receive a Layton High School Diploma. Continuing seniors must have all credits submitted by the end of the summer to receive a diploma.    

HONORS AND COMMENDED RECOGNITION PROGRAM FOR GRADUATION 

• Students receiving honors recognition must be considered a full time student (enrolled in a Davis School District School for a minimum of three-fourths of the school day - which at LHS is 5 out of 8 classes). 

CUM LAUDE: (Bronze cord)

1. Student must meet regular LHS 27 credit graduation requirements.
2. Student must have a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.50 — 3.69 by the end of 1 ^st semester of the senior year.
3. Student must have taken seven courses each semester during 10 ^th and 11^th grade.

MAGNA CUM LAUDE: (Silver cord)

1. Student must meet regular LHS 27 credit graduation requirements.
2. Student must have a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.70 by the end of 1 ^st semester of the senior year OR have a 3.50-3.69 GPA AND have completed one of the Options listed below.
3. Student must have taken seven courses each semester during 10 ^th and 11^th grade.

SUMMA CUM LAUDE: (Gold cord)

1. Student must meet regular LHS 27 credit graduation requirements.
2. Student must have a cumulative grade point average (GPA) of 3.70 by the end of 1 ^st semester of the senior year AND have completed one of the Options listed below. 3. Student must have taken seven courses each semester during 10 ^th and 11^th grade.

Option 1: Complete at least four classes from Group A.
Option 2: Complete at least three classes from Group A AND four classes from Group B.

Requirement 3 

• Students must take at least seven classes each semester during 10th and 11th grades. 

Honor Roll Eligibility 

• 4.0 Superior Honors 3.8 High Honors 3.5 Honors 

Perfect Attendance

• For students who do not have an absence in any class from their 9th grade year to their 12th grade year. Advisory classes are included in the tracking of attendance. 

If a severe blizzard, heavy snowstorm, or ice storm occurs during the night, which makes driving hazardous, and such conditions are known by 7:00 a.m., or for any other emergency identified hazardous by the superintendent, an announcement will be made over the District's notification system.

Parents will also be able to find out whether schools are closed by dialing (801) 402-5500, as well as by visiting Davis District's homepage. 

Lockers are available upon request. Students will be charged a 5 dollar locker rental fee. 

The purpose of these procedures is to establish consistent meal charging and collection procedures districtwide. The District’s goals are:  

• To maintain a positive experience for students during meal service.  
• To treat all students with dignity and respect.  
• To establish practices which are age-appropriate.  
• To minimize meal charges and encourage parents to pre-pay for all meals.  
• To promote parents’ responsibility for meal payment and self-responsibility of the student.  

Meal Accounts: Payment in advance for meals enables the District to achieve these goals. Personal checks and cash deposits are accepted daily at the schools. For convenience, deposits may also be made by credit/debit card through a parent’s myDSD account.  

Emergency Meal Service: The Board of Education acknowledges that on occasion, students may forget or lose meal money. In such cases, the student’s statement of need shall be accepted, and a meal will be made available. School lunch employees shall not, withhold a meal, provide an alternate meal, pull a student from the line, ask the student to call his parent or friend, stamp the student’s hand, or otherwise call attention to the student who has forgotten or lost meal money. A school lunch employee may remind a student attending a secondary school that his account is in the negative. The cost of the unpaid meal will be charged to the student’s account.  

Evaluate Individual Circumstances: When a student repeatedly comes to school without a meal from home or money to participate in the school meal program, school administrators should consider if circumstances in the home warrant contacting social workers or Child Protective Services. Frequent requests may indicate the family’s need for free- or reduced-price meals. School administrators may work with the family to apply for school meal benefits. All meals eaten before a free- or reduced-price meal application is processed and approved are the responsibility of the parent and must be paid for.  

Repayment for Meal Charges and Bad Checks: Federal guidelines prohibit the Food and Nutrition operation from writing off bad debts as a result of charged meals. Every effort will be made to collect for unpaid meals. Unpaid meal charges may result in the following:  

• An automated telephone call to the parent.  
• An email sent to the parent.  
• A verbal reminder to student attending a secondary school.  
• School lunch manager contact parents by phone or notes in teacher mail boxes.  
• In case of significant delinquent payments, a letter will be sent home from the Food and Nutrition Department.  

Parents are responsible to pay all their student’s meal charges. All unpaid charges will be added to the list of any outstanding fees or unpaid fines at the end of the school year. Uncollected meal charges shall be handled the same as other school debt. 

A student who needs to take prescription medicine during the school day should complete the medication authorization forms found in DSD Policy manual 5S-300. This policy does not prohibit a student from carrying his/her own medication to school in instances where the student’s maturity level is such that he/she could reasonably be expected to appropriately administer the medication on his/her own. In such instances, the student may carry one day’s dosage of medication on their person. Any misuse of such medication by the student may be subject to disciplinary action under District Policy 5S-100 Student Conduct and Discipline. 

Student information including grades, attendance, lunch account balances, and busing information can be accessed through the MyDSD link at the following internet address: http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/l424 and clicking on the Green-leaf in the top right corner. 

Davis School District and Layton High School do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law, in its programs and activities, and provides equal access to the Boy Scouts and other designated youth groups. 

Department of Justice Letter

English    Español 

Inquiries or complaints regarding the non-discrimination policies may be directed to an individual’s principal or supervisor and/or the District Compliance Officer: 

 Steven Baker, Associate Director Human Resources 
ADA (Employment Issues) Compliance Officer 
Davis School District 
45 East State Street, P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-5315 
Email: sbaker@dsdmail.net 

  Midori Clough, Section 504 Coordinator, Educational Equity Department 
Disability Compliance Officer 
Davis School District 
70 East 100 North, P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-5180 
Email: mclough@dsdmail.net 

 Caray Long, Educational Equity Department 
Compliance Officer 
Race, Color, National Origin, or Religion in other than Athletic Programs 
Davis School District 
70 East 100 North, P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-5357 
Email: clong@dsdmail.net 

Bianca Mittendorf, Title IX Coordinator, Educational Equity Department 
Title IX Coordinator 
Gender in other than Athletic Programs   
Davis School District 
70 East 100 North, P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-5447 
Email: bmittendorf@dsdmail.net 

 Tim Best, Healthy Lifestyle Coordinator 
Title IX Compliance Officer 
Discrimination in Athletic Programs 
Davis School District 
20 North Main Street, P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-7850 
Email: tbest@dsdmail.net 

Scott Zigich, Director of Risk Management 
Physical Facilities Compliance Officer 
Davis School District 
20 North Main Street. P.O. Box 588 
Farmington, Utah  84025 
Tel: (801) 402-5307 
Email: szigich@dsdmail.net 

Parents or guardians will be notified of student’s absences by: 

1. A recorded phone message from the school and /or email. 
2. An attendance report at mid-term and on report cards. 
3. Parents may call the Attendance Office during regular business hours at 801-402-9056. 
4. Parents may access student attendance information on the internet through the Davis District Home Page and the Student Information Connection. Go to davis.k12.ut.us. School, Layton High. 

• Parking permits may be purchased by all juniors and seniors. Due to limited parking availability, sophomore students will not be issued a parking permit (no exceptions).
• All vehicles parked on school property must be registered with the school and MUST ALWAYS DISPLAY a current permit.
• Cost of the parking permit is $5.00 per vehicle per semester and $5.00 for a replacement permit.
• Students will not be allowed to purchase a parking permit at the beginning of the school year or the beginning of the second semester if they have any outstanding U’s, or outstanding fees/ fines.
• New parking permits will be sold at the beginning of the second semester; all first semester U’s and or fines must be cleared and paid for before the new second semester passes will be issued.
• Students must not park in the following restricted areas: faculty, visitor, fire lane, handicap, etc. A $25 fine will be assessed for parking in handicap and/or fire lanes.
• Each parking violation will result in a $15 fine.
• Vehicles without a parking permit may be booted at any time and a fine may be given.
• After 3 parking citations, violating students may have their vehicle booted (boot fine is an additional $20).
• Repeat offenders may have their vehicle towed at owner expense.
• Parking privileges may be revoked at any time. 
• Student parking and the purchase of a permit is on a first come first serve basis. The purchase of a parking permit does not guarantee a permit or a parking place each day. 
• Any student that duplicates a parking pass, sells a parking pass to another student, steals a parking pass, or is in possession of a stolen parking pass will lose the privilege of parking on campus for the remainder of the school year, could be suspended from school, may be fined $25, receive an administrative “U”, and could be charged with theft. 

The Davis School District and Layton High School shall reasonably accommodate** a parent’s or guardian’s: 

• Written request to retain a student on grade level based on the student's academic ability or the student's social, emotional, or physical maturity. 
• Written request to excuse the student from attendance for a family event or visit to a health care provider, without obtaining a note from the provider. (An excuse does not diminish expectations for the student's academic performance). 
• Written request to place a student in a specialized class or an advanced course. (In determining whether placement is reasonable, the District shall consider multiple academic data points). 
• Request to excuse the student from taking a test that is administered statewide or the National Assessment of Educational Progress. 
• Initial selection of a teacher or request for a change of teacher. 
• Request to visit and observe any class the student attends. 
• Request to meet with a teacher at a mutually agreeable time if unable to attend a regularly scheduled parent teacher conference. 

**Reasonably accommodate" means to make its best effort to enable a parent or guardian to exercise a parental right without substantial impact to staff and resources including employee working conditions, safety and supervision on school premises and for school activities, and the efficient allocation of expenditures while balancing the parental rights, the educational needs of other students, the academic and behavioral impacts to a classroom, a teacher's workload, and the assurance of the safe and efficient operation of a school. Each accommodation shall be considered on an individual basis and no student shall be considered to a greater or lesser degree than any other student. 

**Reasonably accommodate for purposes of this section means the District or school shall make its best effort to enable a parent or guardian to exercise a parental right specified here without substantial impact to staff and resources, including employee working conditions, safety and supervision on school premises and for school activities, and the efficient allocation of expenditures; while balancing: the parental rights of parents or guardians; the educational needs of other students; the academic and behavioral impact to a classroom; a teacher’s workload; and the assurance of the safe and efficient operation of a school. 

The parental rights specified here do not include all the rights or accommodations available to parents or guardians from the public education system. 

The Pledge of Allegiance shall be recited by students at the beginning of each school day in each public school classroom in the State, led by a student in the classroom, as assigned by the classroom teacher on a rotating basis.  Participation in the Pledge is voluntary and not compulsory. 

Profanity/offensive language is inappropriate and will not be tolerated at Layton High School. (Refer to disruption of school operations).  

Displays of affection, other than hand-holding will not be allowed in any part of the building at any time. A warning will be given and/or parents will be contacted if the offense happens during the school day. Students will be asked to leave the building if it occurs outside the school day. 

Students who are granted permission to participate in release-time and /or other off-campus programs are not allowed in the building or on campus during that time without special permission from the administration.  Students who do not follow through with their commitment to these programs, either by failing to leave campus before the tardy bell sounds, or by returning to campus before the designated time, may be issued a trespass citation.  

The first citation will be a verbal warning; subsequent citations will begin at $10.00 and increase to as much as $25.00. Students who lose the privilege of continued participation in release-time and /or their off-campus programs will be released to the care of their parents until such time as they can be enrolled in a class at the high school. The usual time for enrollment back on campus is the semester break.

In compliance with existing Federal and State law regarding religion and religious expression in public schools, the District or school may neither advance nor inhibit religion.  It is the District’s policy to: 1) allow students and employees to engage in expression of personal religious views or beliefs within the parameters of current law, and 2) maintain the schools’ official neutrality regarding sectarian religious issues according to the constitutional principle of separation between church and state. 

The Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA) affords parents certain rights regarding the use of surveys or other school activities which may involve the collection or use of protected information. These include the right to: 

Consent before students are required to participate in any survey, analysis, or evaluation that reveals information, whether personally identifiable or not, concerning the student’s or any family member’s: 

[a] Political affiliations or beliefs; 

[b] Mental or psychological problems; 

[c] Sexual behavior, orientation or attitudes; 

[d] Illegal, anti-social, self-incriminating, or demeaning behavior; 

[e] Critical appraisals of others with whom the student or family have close family relationships; 

[f] Legally recognized privileged relationships, such as with lawyers, doctors, or     ministers; 

[g] Religious practices, affiliations, or beliefs; or 

[h] Income, other than as required by law to determine program eligibility. 

Receive notice and an opportunity to opt a student out of activities involving collection, disclosure, or use of personal information obtained from students regarding any of the protected information areas. 

Inspect, upon request and before administration or use of: 

[a] Protected information surveys designed to be administered to students; and 

[b] Instructional material used as part of the educational curriculum. 
 
Davis School District has policies in place to protect student privacy as required by both State and Federal law. Layton High will directly notify you of the specific or approximate dates of activities which involve the collection or use of protected information and provide an opportunity to opt your student out of participating in such activities. 

Parents who believe their rights have been violated may contact the school’s administration or file a complaint with: 

Family Policy Compliance Office 
U.S. Department of Education 
400 Maryland Avenue, SW 
Washington, D.C. 20202-5920 

1-800-872-5327 Informal inquires may be sent to FPCO via the following email address: PPRA@ED.Gov. 

For additional information please visit the SPPO website at the following address: https://studentprivacy.ed.gov/

It is the policy of the Davis School District and Layton High School to promote a safe and orderly school environment for all students and employees.  Criminal acts or disruptive behavior of any kind will not be tolerated and any individual who engages in such activity will be subject to school disciplinary action as determined by school administrators, District disciplinary action as determined by the Department of Student Services Case Management Team, police referral, and/or prosecution.  In determining appropriate discipline, school officials will consider the totality of the circumstances, including the severity of the offense, as well as the individual’s age, disability status, intent, academic status, and prior disciplinary record. 

SOME SELECTED DEFINITIONS OF SAFE SCHOOL VIOLATIONS 

• Arson - Graffiti - Vandalism 
  • The willful burning, defacing, or destruction of student, staff, or school district property. 
• Assault - Hazing - Harassment 
  • Unwelcomed physical aggression, intimidation, or initiation of a school district employee, student, or volunteer, whether at school, a school related activity, or other locations which affect the environment at school. These actions are prohibited in any form including but not limited to, personally, by directing others to take the actions, or through the use of written word, social media, web pages, text messaging, instant messaging, or any other electronic means. 
• Controlled Substances 
  • Selling of or possession of, controlled substances, alcohol, prescription medications or substances represented to be controlled substances. Including paraphernalia materials. 
• Robbery - Extortion 
  • Taking anything of value from another by use of force or threat. 
• Weapons 
  • Possession, use, transmittal, or concealment of ANY weapon or facsimile of a weapon. Weapons are defined as firearms, knives, explosives, flammable materials, or any items that may cause injury, death, threat, or intimidation. 
• Gang Activity 
  • Engaging in any form of gang activity on or about school property, or at any school activity. Gang activities may include, but are not limited to: wearing, possessing, using, distributing, displaying, or selling items which evidence membership or association with gangs; committing acts which demonstrate membership or affiliation with a gang, such as flashing signs, soliciting membership, or requesting a person to pay for protection or claiming turf. 
• Sexting 
  • The creation of, possession of, requesting of, or sharing of sexually explicit messages, sexually explicit photos or videos that interrupts the academic and or social processes within the school, a school related activity, or other locations which affect the environment at school. 
• Terroristic Threat 
  • A threat to engage in an action posing a substantial risk of significant injury or harm to persons or property. 
• Continued Disruption of the School/Learning Environment 
  • Continual disturbances or problems that interrupt the academic and or social processes within the school. Violation of a Safety or Behavior Contract. Continual pattern of disruptive behaviors related to classmates, peers, school staff, or anything associated to the educational environment, including but not limited to social media, school activities, transportation, field trips, and extra-curricular activities. 

School officials have the authority to search a student’s person, personal property, or vehicle while located on school property or at a school sponsored activity, when they have reason to believe that the search will turn up evidence that the student has violated or is violating a particular law or school rule. 

Students have no right or expectation of privacy in school lockers, desks, or other storage areas provided for student use.  School lockers, desks or other storage areas are the sole property of the Davis School District and Layton High.  Periodic general inspections of school lockers, including the use of drug detecting canines, may be conducted by school authorities for any reason at any time, without notice, without student consent, and without a search warrant. 

Students may be suspended, transferred to an alternative placement, expelled, referred for police investigation, and/or prosecuted for committing any of the following school-related serious violations: 1) threatening or causing harm to the school, school property, or persons associated with the school, or property associated with that person, regardless of where the conduct occurs; 2) committing any criminal act, including but not limited to: assault, harassment, hazing, rape, trespass, arson, theft, vandalism, possession or use of pornographic materials on school property; 3) engaging in any gang activity, including but not limited to: flashing gang signs, displaying or spraying gang graffiti, wearing or displaying gang related clothing or apparel, or soliciting others for membership in a gang.  

Layton High School respects the rights of students to express themselves and use social media platforms. LHS however, has the right to address and/or take disciplinary measures for information communicated through social media when it creates a disruption of the school environment for any student, comprises academic dishonesty, or is deemed threatening to any person associated with the school. For the purposes of these guidelines, social media contains any form of electronic communication, social networking, online communication, or online presence.  

The following guidelines serve to help students avoid social media activities that could result in unsafe situations or school discipline. Participating in these electronic or online actions could be considered to be substantially or foreseeably disruptive to the LHS environment and could require official school involvement and possibly law enforcement agencies.  

Students should:  

• Avoid posting confidential information about themselves or others, i.e. phone numbers, addresses, school I.D., number, etc.  
• Avoid unprofessional public profiles including the use of language of a profane or sexual nature. The image you create of yourself online can be seen by anyone. Privacy settings are NOT foolproof!  
• Avoid participating in, sending messages or posting information about illegal activities or indicate knowledge of unreported crimes. i.e. incriminating photos or statements depicting violence; hazing; sexual harassment; sexting; vandalism; stalking; underage drinking; selling, possessing, or using controlled substances; or any other illegal behaviors.  
• Never post or communicate messages that include bullying\threats of violence. While LHS students have a right to free speech that right is NOT unlimited. Cyber-bullying is a serious problem and is not limited to student-to-student interactions. Vicious treatment and hateful words often lead to violence, suicide, depression, and discrimination.  
• Never participate or post in activities considered cheating and/or plagiarizing or any activity that violates the LHS Character Standards.  
• Avoid “Liking,” “Retweeting,” “Subtweeting,” “trending,” messages that violate any of the guidelines previously stated.  

LHS students should be aware that if their conduct negatively impacts the educational environment, such conduct may be subject to discipline, not only by school authorities, but also by law enforcement agencies.  

LHS students should avoid the following:  

• Derogatory language or remarks about teammates, coaches, students, staff members, athletic administrators, or representatives of other schools;  
• Demeaning statements and/or threats to any third party;  
• Creating a serious danger to the safety of another person or making a credible threat of serious physical or emotional injury to another person 

To change STAND teacher please fill out this form!

https://forms.office.com/r/eRErP7J3px

All students are given an ID badge at the beginning of the year. They are required to SHOW their ID badge to be admitted free into all REGION 1 games at Layton High. Students will be charged a student fee for non-region games and away games. Replacement cards can be obtained in the main office at a cost of $5.00. All students will be charged a $5.00 entrance fee to attend the endowment games.  

Directory information, which is information that is generally not considered harmful or an invasion of privacy if released, may be released at the discretion of school officials, without consent, for appropriate reasons such as, school publications, newspaper articles, and to outside education related organizations.  In addition, two federal laws require secondary schools to provide military recruiters, upon request, the names, addresses and telephone listings of their students.   

The Davis School District has designated the following information as directory information:  1) student’s name, 2) student’s address, 3) student’s telephone number, 4) date of birth, 5) parent email address, 6) participation in officially recognized activities and sports, 7) weight and height of members of athletic teams, 8) degrees and awards received, 9) photograph, 10) most recent educational institution attended by the student. 

If you, as a parent, do not want Layton High to disclose directory information from your child’s education records without your prior written consent, you must notify the school in writing annually. 

Parents who believe their rights have been violated may contact the school’s administration or file a complaint with: 

Family Policy Compliance Office 
U.S. Department of Education 
400 Maryland Avenue, SW 
Washington, D.C.  20202-5920 
1-800-872-5327 

Informal inquires may be sent to FPCO via the following email address: FERPA@ED.Gov 

Complaints should be reported as soon as possible, but not later than 180 days from the date you learned of the circumstances of the alleged violation. 

Students must have their badges (Layton High School Identification on a lanyard, around their neck, and visibly displayed during the entire school day).   Due to student safety, some teachers may require students remove their ID badges during class instruction.  If a student does not have their ID badge with them, they must check in at the office to receive a temporary badge that is to be worn for the day. Temporary badge stickers will be issued at 50 cents per sticker.  If a student is late to class or must leave class in order to obtain a temporary badge, a tardy may be given.  In addition, a fine and an administrative U may be given for excessive missing badges. In addition, a $5.00 replacement fee will be charged for lost or damaged ID badges.    

Being late to class is not only discourteous but can be disruptive and detrimental to the learning process. Each teacher will disclose their tardy policy for their classes. Four tardies is considered excessive and a “U” may be given, if not made up before the end of the grading period. 

Each student at Layton High School will be issued a Cloud Book. Laptops will be checked out to students at orientation, and checked in at the end of the school year.  Laptops will only be issued to students assigned to Layton High School.  Students from other schools taking classes at Layton High School will be responsible for providing their own devices.  

Similar to a textbook, each student will be responsible for any damages or theft.   

Insurance on the device, which covers accidental damage and theft, can be purchased in the main office or online through MyDSD during the registration window prior to the start of the school year. Insurance may not be purchased after damage has occurred, or beyond the first two weeks of equipment issue date.  

Daily attendance at school is required by state law. We encourage all students to be responsible and recognize the importance of being in class each day and on time. 

“Students who have unexcused absences, excessive absence or tardies, suspicious absences, misrepresented parental verification or other related issues during school hours will be considered truant and are subject to a truancy citation and fined accordingly.”--- State Code 

Absences will be cleared for family emergencies, illness, and extenuating circumstances (legitimate reasons). All absences need to be cleared by parent/guardian within two days upon returning to school or they are considered unexcused. 

Students are responsible for tracking their attendance and making sure it is kept up to date and current by checking online or by requesting a copy of the record from the attendance office. 

Attendance will be tracked daily by the citizenship secretary. Any student with 4 or more unexcused class periods will be issued a truancy, students will be notified via their DSD email of the number of truancies and the amount of the fines. 

Consequences are: 

1St. Warning sent to student’s DSD email and email to parents 

2nd. $10 fine, citation issued and an email will be sent to parents/students 

3rd. $15 fine, citation issued, and an email will be sent to parents/students 

4th. $20 fine, citation issued, and an email will be sent to parent/student, Administrator Conference 

5th. $25 fine, Citation issued with Administrative Intervention.  

Any others will be $25 fine: handled directly by administration. 

No visiting students will be permitted until further notice. 

All visitors must check in at the front office to receive a visitor badge which must be visible at all times while in the school building. Any unauthorized person on the LHS campus during school hours, before or after school, and during lunch, is prohibited and is subject to criminal trespass by the LAYTON City Police Department.  Visitors may not attend class with students without administrative approval.  

Any student who in a school building, in a school vehicle, on District property, or in conjunction with any school activity, possesses, controls, uses or threatens use of a real weapon, explosive, noxious or flammable material, or actually uses or threatens to use a look-alike or pretend weapon with the intent to intimidate another person or to disrupt normal school activities, shall be expelled from all District schools, programs, and activities for a period of not less than one calendar year; unless the Case Management Team determines on a case-by-case basis, that a lesser penalty would be more appropriate.  The terms weapon, explosive, and noxious or flammable material include but are not limited to: guns, starter pistols, cap guns, knives, martial arts accessories, bombs, bullets and ammunition, fireworks, gasoline or other flammable liquids, matches, and lighters.